What is a Stress Fracture?
A stress fracture is where the bone has a tiny crack (or cracks) rather than a broken bone. This type of injury is more common for athletes and those who do physical work.
A stress fracture will be tender to the touch. It will get worse during physical activity and the discomfort will continue when you are resting. You my also have swelling too.
Key areas for stress fractures on lateral side of the foot are:
- Fifth metatarsal base: this is the long bone that runs along the outside of the foot and connects to the little toe.
- Where the tendon attaches to the bone (avulsion fracture.
- Cuboid. This is the bone on the outer edge of the foot which is just in front of the heel bone.
Why have I got a Stress Fracture?
Stress fractures generally occur as a result of overuse of the joint or the use of repetitive force and is something that can happen to healthy bone as well as bones weakened by osteoporosis. This overuse could generally be from:
- Repetitive physical activity in our work or leisure
- As a result of taking on a new physical activity, but trying to do too much too quickly without allowing our body to become accustomed to the new stresses and to adjust accordingly
- Running long distances
In addition, there are some factors that may increase your potential for stress fractures. For example, having high/low arches, obesity and osteoporosis.
How can you treat a Stress Fracture?
The treatment for a stress fracture will depend on its severity and the location. However, the most common aspects are:
- Stop the activity that has caused the pain/injury. This is essential for the bone to heal
- Use an ice pack and apply this to the injury
- Elevate your foot, to help reduce the swelling
- Use supportive footwear
- Immobilisation using a brace or Air-cast boot
The healing process can take up to about 4 to 6 weeks and you should not return to activities until you are able to walk without pain.
When returning to your normal activities you should build up gradually, beginning with low impact activities. Provided there is no pain, then you can gradually build up to higher impact activity. If you feel pain, you should stop. It is important to note that returning to the same activity and intensity could result in the symptoms returning.
